Wild Thyme honey

(2 customer reviews)

EUR10.00

The rich taste of wild thyme combined with pure acacia honey is a lovingly curated fusion of nature’s finest elements, designed to offer a soothing respite for the colder seasons. Allow the gentle embrace of this honey to provide you with the comfort and warmth you deserve, as you embark on a journey towards well-being and tranquility.

Discover the soothing embrace of our Wild Thyme honey, a remarkable infusion of pure acacia honey with a symphony of botanical treasures. Crafted to bring comfort and ease, this honey is a natural elixir that takes you on a journey through the healing powers of the earth.

At its core, this honey boasts the delicate sweetness of acacia honey, gathered from the blossoms of the black locust tree, creating a honey that’s as enchanting as it is effective, combined with wild thyme, an aromatic herb, adds a touch of the untamed to the blend, with its fragrant and earthy notes that evoke the wild countryside.

Echinacea, known for its vibrant purple petals and immune-boosting potential, contributes to the complex flavour profile and offers a sense of botanical vitality, with the flowery agrimony, adding a subtle bitterness, enriching the honey, adding depth and character. It’s a hidden gem in this elixir, waiting to be discovered with every taste.

More flowers in the form of camomile and linden, with its calming influence and floral sweetness, graces this blend with its peaceful presence. The ribwort plantain and deadnettle, both humble and underrated herbs, bring a unique herbal essence for medicinal benefits that we are unable, legally, to advertised, but mingle gracefully with the honey’s sweetness.

This honey is excellent for your health, but legally, we a prohibited from advertising its benefits – please contact us for a free consultation.

Weight 221 g

Taste Profile

A full-flavour honey maceration with the taste of thyme and other floral benefits.

Benefits

This honey has a wide variety of health benefits that we are prohibited from telling you about – please contact us for a free consultation.

Ingredients

Acacia honey infused with: Wild Thyme | Echinacea | Agrimony | Camomile | Ribwort Plantain | Deadnettle | Linden

Certified Origins

Greek flag dentoing that one or more ingredients were ethically sourced from Greece.Hungarian flag denoting that one or more ingredient was ethically sourced from Hungary.Polish flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from Poland.Serbian flag denotes that one or more ingredients have been ethically sourced from Serbia.

Hand macerated in Shropshire, England.

Clinical References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

  • Abd Ghafar N, Ker-Woon C, Hui CK, Mohd Yusof YA, Wan Ngah WZ. Acacia honey accelerates in vitro corneal ulcer wound healing model. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 29;16:259. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1248-0. PMID: 27473120; PMCID: PMC4966736.
  • Abdel-Naby Awad OG. Echinacea can help with azithromycin in prevention of recurrent tonsillitis in children. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(4):102344. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102344.
  • Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15.
  • Adamczyk B, Simon J, Kitunen V, Adamczyk S, Smolander A. Tannins and their complex interaction with different organic nitrogen compounds and enzymes: old paradigms versus recent advances. ChemistryOpen. 2017;6(5):610-614.
  • Adom MB, Taher M, Mutalabisin MF, et al. Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;96:348-360.
  • Agarwal A, Chaudhary B. Clinical and microbiological effects of 1% Matricaria chamomilla mouth rinse on chronic periodontitis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020;24(4):354-61.
  • Agnew, L. L., Guffogg, S. P., Matthias, A., Lehmann, R. P., Bone, K. M., and Watson, K. Echinacea intake induces an immune response through altered expression of leucocyte hsp70, increased white cell counts and improved erythrocyte antioxidant defences. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2005;30(4):363-369.
  • Aitken-Saavedra J, Chaves Tarquinio SB, De Oliveira da Rosa WL, et al. Effect of a homemade salivary substitute prepared using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed to relieve primary burning mouth syndrome: a preliminary report. J Altern Complement Med 2020;26(9):799-806.
  • Aliyu M, Odunola OA, Farooq AD, Rasheed H, Mesaik AM, Choudhary MI, Channa IS, Khan SA, Erukainure OL. Molecular mechanism of antiproliferation potential of Acacia honey on NCI-H460 cell line. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(2):296-304. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756920. PMID: 23441617.
  • Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(4):378-382.
  • Avallone R, Zanoli P, Puia G, et al. Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94.
  • Awang DVC, Kindack DG. Echinacea. Can Pharm J 1991; 124:512-6.
  • Baghizadeh A, Davati A, Heidarloo AJ, Emadi F, Aliasl J. Efficacy of Plantago major seed in management of ulcerative colitis symptoms: a randomized, placebo controlled, clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;44:101444.
  • Barene I, Daberte I, Zvirgzdina L, Iriste V. The complex technology on products of German chamomile. Medicina (Kaunas). 2003;39(Suppl 2):127-131.
  • Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22.
  • Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77.
  • Barrett B, Vohmann M, Calabrese C. Echinacea for upper respiratory infection. J Fam Pract 1999;48:628-35.
  • Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86.
  • Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, et al. Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:939-46..
  • Becker B, Kuhn U, Hardewig-Budny B. Double-blind, randomized evaluation of clinical efficacy and tolerability of an apple pectin-chamomile extract in children with unspecific diarrhea. Arzneimittelforschung 2006;56(6):387-393.
  • Benito P, Rodríguez-Perez R, García F, Juste S, Moneo I, Caballero ML. Occupational allergic rhinoconjunctivitis induced by Matricaria chamomilla with tolerance of chamomile tea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(5):369-70. No abstract available. View abstract .
  • Bensch, K., Tiralongo, J., Schmidt, K., Matthias, A., Bone, K. M., Lehmann, R., and Tiralongo, E. Investigations into the antiadhesive activity of herbal extracts against Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother.Res 2011;25(8):1125-1132.
  • Binns SE, Purgina B, Bergeron C. Light-mediated antifungal activity of Echinacea extracts. Plant Med 2000;66:241-4.
  • Bockhorst H, Gollnick N, Guran S, et al. [Therapy of herpes simplex in practice. Report on the treatment of herpes simplex labialis with Esberitox]. ZFA.(Stuttgart.) 11-20-1982;58:1795-98.
  • Bosak Z, Iravani M, Moghimipour E, Haghighizadeh MH, Jelodarian P, Khazdair MR. Evaluation of the influence of chamomile vaginal gel on dyspareunia and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed 2020;10(5):481-91.
  • Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
  • Braga FT, Santos AC, Bueno PC, et al. Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nurs 2015;38(4):322-9.
  • Brinkeborn RM, Shah DV, Degenring FH. Echinaforce and other Echinacea fresh plant preparations in the treatment of the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Phytomedicine 1999;6:1-6..
  • Bucekova M, Jardekova L, Juricova V, Bugarova V, Di Marco G, Gismondi A, Leonardi D, Farkasovska J, Godocikova J, Laho M, Klaudiny J, Majtan V, Canini A, Majtan J. Antibacterial Activity of Different Blossom Honeys: New Findings. Molecules. 2019 Apr 21;24(8):1573. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081573. PMID: 31010070; PMCID: PMC6514785.
  • Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
  • Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82.
  • Burger, R. A., Torres, A. R., Warren, R. P., Caldwell, V. D., and Hughes, B. G. Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int.J Immunopharmacol. 1997;19(7):371-379.
  • Cabrera-Jaime S, Martínez C, Ferro-García T, et al. Efficacy of Plantago major, chlorhexidine 0.12% and sodium bicarbonate 5% solution in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients with solid tumour: A feasibility randomised triple-blind phase III clinical trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2018;32:40-47.
  • Carl W, Emrich LS. Management of oral mucositis during local radiation and systemic chemotherapy: a study of 98 patients. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:361-9.
  • Carnevali I, La Paglia R, Pauletto L, et al. Efficacy and safety of the syrup “KalobaTUSS®” as a treatment for cough in children: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2021;21(1):29.
  • Caruso TJ, Gwaltney JM Jr. Treatment of the common cold with echinacea: a structured review. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:807-10.
  • Cassano N, Ferrari A, Fai D, et al. Oral supplementation with a nutraceutical containing Echinacea, methionine and antioxidant/immunostimulating compounds in patients with cutaneous viral warts. G.Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2011;146:191-95.
  • Chakarski I. Clinical study of a herb combination consisting of Agrimonia eupatoria, Hipericum perforatum, Plantago major, Mentha piperita, Matricaria chamomila for the treatment of patients with chronic gastroduodenitis. Probl Vatr Med 1982;10:78-84.
  • Charousaei F, Dabirian A, Mojab F. Using chamomile solution or a 1% topical hydrocortisone ointment in the management of peristomal skin lesions in colostomy patients: results of a controlled clinical study. Ostomy Wound Manage 2011;57:28-36.
  • Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
  • Chen, Y., Fu, T., Tao, T., Yang, J., Chang, Y., Wang, M., Kim, L., Qu, L., Cassady, J., Scalzo, R., and Wang, X. Macrophage activating effects of new alkamides from the roots of Echinacea species. J Nat.Prod. 2005;68(5):773-776.
  • Chiang LC, Chiang W, Chang MY, Lin CC. In vitro cytotoxic, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago major and Plantago asiatica. Am J Chin Med. 2003;31(2):225-34.
  • Cho YM, Kwon JE, Lee M, et al. Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Agrimony) extract alters liver health in subjects with elevated alanine transaminase levels: A controlled, randomized, and double-blind trial. J Med Food. 2018;21(3):282-288.
  • Copland A, Nahar L, Tomlinson CT, et al. Antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity of the seeds of Agrimonia eupatoria. Fitoterapia 2003;74:133-5.
  • Czipa N, Phillips CJC, Kovács B. Composition of acacia honeys following processing, storage and adulteration. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Mar;56(3):1245-1255. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03587-y. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30956304; PMCID: PMC6423237.
  • Dall’Acqua S, Perissutti B, Grabnar I, Farra R, Comar M, Agostinis C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and immunomodulatory effect of lipophilic Echinacea extract formulated in softgel capsules. C, et al. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015 Nov;97(Pt A):8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.021.
  • Daneshfard B, Shahriari M, Heiran A, Nimrouzi M, Yarmohammadi H. Effect of chamomile on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in pediatric leukemia patients: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020;10(1):58-69.
  • Di Pierro F, Rapacioli G, Ferrara T, Togni S. Use of a standardized extract from Echinacea angustifolia (Polinacea) for the prevention of respiratory tract infections. Altern Med Rev 2012;17:36-41.
  • Eady EA, Layton AM, Cove JH. A honey trap for the treatment of acne: manipulating the follicular microenvironment to control Propionibacterium acnes. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:679680. doi: 10.1155/2013/679680. Epub 2013 May 14. PMID: 23762853; PMCID: PMC3666392.
  • Eddouks M, Lemhardri A, Zeggwagh NA, Michel JB. Potent hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile in normal and streptozoticin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67(3);189-95.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Evans CEL. Sugars and health: a review of current evidence and future policy. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017 Aug;76(3):400-407. doi: 10.1017/S0029665116002846. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 27916004.
  • Evans JA, Johnson EJ. The role of phytonutrients in skin health. Nutrients. 2010 Aug;2(8):903-28. doi: 10.3390/nu2080903. Epub 2010 Aug 24. PMID: 22254062; PMCID: PMC3257702.
  • Facino RM, Carini M, Aldini G, et al. Echinacoside and caffeoyl conjugates protect collagen from free radical-induced degradation: a potential use of echinacea extracts in the prevention of skin photodamage. Planta Med 1995;61:510-4.
  • Farid A, Sheibani M, Shojaii A, Noori M, Motevalian M. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and seed extracts of Plantago major on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022;298:115595.
  • Fidler P, Loprinzi CL, O’Fallon JR, et al. Prospective evaluation of a chamomile mouthwash for prevention of 5-FU-induced oral mucositis. Cancer 1996;77:522-5.
  • Forster CF, Sussmann HE, Patzelt-Wenczler R. [Optimization of the Barron ligature treatment of 2nd and 3rd-degree hemorrhoids using a therapeutic troika]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 1996;85(46):1476-1481.
  • Gabranis I, Koufakis T1, Papakrivos I, Batala S. Echinacea-associated acute cholestatic hepatitis. J Postgrad Med. 2015;61(3):211-2.
  • Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3.
  • Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78(8):856-861.
  • Gao K, Zhou L, Chen J. Experimental study on decoctum Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells in vitro. Zhong Yao Cai 2000;23(9):561-562.
  • Garbuio DC, Ribeiro VDS, Hamamura AC, et al. A Chitosan-Coated Chamomile Microparticles Formulation to Prevent Radiodermatitis in Breast: A Double-blinded, Controlled, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2022;45(5):183-189.
  • George J, Hegde S, Rajesh KS, et al. The efficacy of a herbal-based toothpaste in the control of plaque and gingivitis: a clinico-biochemical study. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20(4):480-482.
  • Ghanadian M, Soltani R, Homayouni A, Khorvash F, Jouabadi SM, Abdollahzadeh M. The Effect of Plantago major Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Healing of Diabetic Foot and Pressure Ulcers: A Randomized Open-Label Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2022.
  • Ghiasian M, Niroomandi Z, Dastan D, Poorolajal J, Zare F, Ataei S. Clinical and phytochemical studies of Plantago major in pressure ulcer treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;43:101325.
  • Giles JT, Palat CT III, Chien SH, et al. Evaluation of Echinacea for treatment of the common cold. Pharmacother 2000;20:690-7.
  • Gilroy CM, Steiner JF, Byers T, et al. Echinacea and truth in labeling. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:699-704.
  • Glowania HJ, Raulin C, Swoboda M. [Effect of chamomile on wound healing–a clinical double-blind study]. Z Hautkr 1987;62(17):1262, 1267-1271.
  • Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
  • Goel V, Lovlin R, Chang C, et al. A proprietary extract from the echinacea plant (Echinacea purpurea) enhances systemic immune response during a common cold. Phytother.Res 2005;19:689-94.
  • Goey AK, Meijerman I, Rosing H, et al. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(3):467-74.
  • Gomaa A, Hashem T, Mohamed M, Ashry E. Matricaria chamomilla extract inhibits both development of morphine dependence and expression of abstinence syndrome in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2003;92:50-5.
  • Goralczyk R. Beta-carotene and lung cancer in smokers: review of hypotheses and status of research. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(6):767-74. doi: 10.1080/01635580903285155. PMID: 20155614.
  • Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94.
  • Granica S, Krupa K, Klebowska A, Kiss A. Development and validation of HPLC-DAD-CAD-MS(3) method for qualitative and quantitative standardization of polyphenols in Agrimoniae eupatoriae herba. J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 2013;86:112-22.
  • Grant KA, McLauchlin J, Amar C. Infant botulism: advice on avoiding feeding honey to babies and other possible risk factors. Community Pract. 2013 Jul;86(7):44-6. PMID: 23914481.
  • Gray AM, Flatt PR. Actions of the traditional anti-diabetic plant, Agrimony eupatoria (agrimony): effects on hyperglycaemia, cellular glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Br J Nutr 1998;80:109-14.
  • Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75.
  • Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43.
  • Grodstein F, Kang JH, Glynn RJ, Cook NR, Gaziano JM. A randomized trial of beta carotene supplementation and cognitive function in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12;167(20):2184-90. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.20.2184. PMID: 17998490.
  • Guimaraes R, Barros L, Duenas M, et al. Nutrients, phytochemicals and bioactivity of wild Roman chamomile: a comparison between the herb and its preparations. Food Chem 2013;136(2):718-25.
  • Gül A, Pehlivan T. Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 Sep;25(6):1056-1065. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.011. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 30174502; PMCID: PMC6117250.
  • Gunning K. Echinacea in the treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. West J Med 1999;171:198-200.
  • Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
  • Habersang S, Leuschner F, Isaac O, Thiemer K. [Pharmacological studies with compounds of chamomile. IV. Studies on toxicity of (-)-alpha-bisabolol (author’s transl)]. Planta Med 1979;37:115-23.
  • Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
  • Haller J, Krecsak L, Zámbori J. Double-blind placebo controlled trial of the anxiolytic effects of a standardized Echinacea extract. Phytother Res, 2020;34(3):660-8.
  • Hansen TS, Nilsen OG. In vitro CYP3A4 metabolism: inhibition by Echinacea purpurea and choice of substrate for the evaluation of herbal inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;103:445-9.
  • Hill, N., Stam, C., Tuinder, S., and van Haselen, R. A. A placebo controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in reducing mosquito bite induced erythema. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;49(1-2):103-108.
  • Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343.
  • Hoheisel O, Sandberg M, Bertram S, et al. Echinagard treatment shortens the course of the common cold: a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Res 1997;9:261-268.
  • Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, et al. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002;97:1027-31.
  • Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
  • Hormann HP, Korting HC. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: part I: anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1994;1:161-71.
  • Hou, C. C., Chen, C. H., Yang, N. S., Chen, Y. P., Lo, C. P., Wang, S. Y., Tien, Y. J., Tsai, P. W., and Shyur, L. F. Comparative metabolomics approach coupled with cell- and gene-based assays for species classification and anti-inflammatory bioactivity validation of Echinacea plants. J Nutr.Biochem. 2010;21(11):1045-1059.
  • Hu, C. and Kitts, D. D. Studies on the antioxidant activity of Echinacea root extract. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48(5):1466-1472.
  • Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400.
  • Iftikhar F, Arshad M, Rasheed F, Amraiz D, Anwar P, Gulfraz M. Effects of acacia honey on wound healing in various rat models. Phytother Res. 2010 Apr;24(4):583-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2990. PMID: 19813239.
  • Istasse T, Jacquet N, Berchem T, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK, Richel A. Extraction of Honey Polyphenols: Method Development and Evidence of Cis Isomerization. Anal Chem Insights. 2016 Aug 10;11:49-57. doi: 10.4137/ACI.S39739. PMID: 27547032; PMCID: PMC4981221.
  • Ivanova D, Gerova D, Chervenkov T. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96(1-2):145-150.
  • Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15.
  • Jansen WT, Bolm M, Balling R, Chhatwal GS, Schnabel R. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):5202-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.9.5202-5207.2002. PMID: 12183571; PMCID: PMC128270.
  • Jawad M, Schoop R, Suter A, et al. Safety and efficacy profile of Echinacea purpurea to prevent common cold episodes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:841315. Epub 2012 Sep 16.
  • Jazayeri SF, Ghods R, Hashem Dabaghian F, et al. The efficacy of Plantago major seed on liver enzymes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:6693887.
  • Kabiri M, Kamalinejad M, Bioos S, Shariat M, Sohrabvand F. Comparative study of the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and cabergoline on idiopathic hyperprolactinemia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Iran J Pharm Res 2019;18(3):1612-21.
  • Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;(2):CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3.
  • Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. JAMA. 2015;313(6):618-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17145.
  • Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6956-61.
  • Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
  • Keshavarzi A, Montaseri H, Akrami R, et al. Therapeutic Efficacy of Great Plantain (Plantago major L.) in the Treatment of Second-Degree Burn Wounds: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:4923277.
  • Khodabakhsh M, Mahmoudinia M, Mousavi Bazaz M, et al. The effect of plantain syrup on heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized triple blind clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2020;34(1):118-125.
  • Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Inayama K, et al. Dietary intake of the flower extracts of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) inhibited compound 48/80-induced itch-scratch responses in mice. Phytomedicine 2003;10:657-64.
  • Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148.
  • Kolev E, Mircheva L, Edwards MR, et al. Echinacea Purpurea For the Long-Term Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Open, Controlled, Exploratory Clinical Study. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:856410.
  • Kozłowska A, Szostak-Wegierek D. Flavonoids–food sources and health benefits. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2014;65(2):79-85. PMID: 25272572.
  • Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Dec 29;2013:162750. doi: 10.1155/2013/162750. PMID: 24470791; PMCID: PMC3891543.
  • Lawrenson JA, Walls T, Day AS. Echinacea-induced acute liver failure in a child. J Paediatr Child Health 2014;50(10):841.
  • Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7.
  • Li Y, Ooi LS, Wang H, et al. Antiviral activities of medicinal herbs traditionally used in southern mainland China. Phytother Res 2004;18(9):718-722.
  • Liatsos, G., Elefsiniotis, I., Todorova, R., and Moulakakis, A. Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):224.
  • Linde K, Barrett B, Wolkart K, et al. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(1):CD000530.
  • Lindenmuth GF, Lindenmuth EB. The efficacy of echinacea compound herbal tea preparation on the severity and duration of upper respiratory and flu symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Altern Complement Med 2000;6:327-34.
  • Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118-26. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902. PMID: 22228951; PMCID: PMC3249911.
  • Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren’s syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
  • Loggia RD, Traversa U, Scarcia V, et al. Depressive effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch, tubular flowers, on central nervous system in mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1982;14(2):153-162.
  • Lopez Jornet P, Aznar-Cayuela C. Efficacy of topical chamomile management vs. placebo in patients with oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016;30(10):1783-6.
  • Lopresti AL, Smith SJ. An investigation into the anxiety-relieving and mood-enhancing effects of Echinacea angustifolia (EP107 ™): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 2021;293:229-237.
  • Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75.
  • Luo, Y., Pan, J., Pan, Y., Han, Z., and Zhong, R. Evaluation of the protective effects of Chinese herbs against biomolecule damage induced by peroxynitrite. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 2010;74(7):1350-1354.
  • Maass, N., Bauer, J., Paulicks, B. R., Bohmer, B. M., and Roth-Maier, D. A. Efficiency of Echinacea purpurea on performance and immune status in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr.(Berl) 2005;89(7-8):244-252.
  • Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
  • Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
  • Mahmood NF, Shipman AR. The age-old problem of acne. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016 Dec 2;3(2):71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.11.002. PMID: 28560299; PMCID: PMC5440448.
  • Malheiros J, Simões DM, Antunes PE, Figueirinha A, Cotrim MD, Fonseca DA. Vascular effects of polyphenols from Agrimonia eupatoria L. and role of isoquercitrin in its vasorelaxant potential in human arteries. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;15(5):638.
  • Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9.
  • Mandal MD, Mandal S. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011 Apr;1(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60016-6. PMID: 23569748; PMCID: PMC3609166.
  • Mao JJ, Xie SX, Keefe JR, Soeller I, Li QS, Amsterdam JD. Long-term chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2016;23(14):1735-1742.
  • Martin TD, Green MS, Whitehead MT, Scheett TP, Webster MJ, Hudson GM. Six weeks of oral Echinacea purpurea supplementation does not enhance the production of serum erythropoietin or erythropoietic status in recreationally active males with above-average aerobic fitness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44(7):791-795.
  • Martinelli M, Ummarino D, Giugliano FP, et al. Efficacy of a standardized extract of Matricariae chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L. and tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122) in infantile colic: an open randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Dec;29:e13145.
  • Maskatia, Z. K. and Baker, K. Hypereosinophilia associated with echinacea use. South.Med J 2010;103(11):1173-1174.
  • McRae JM, Kennedy JA. Wine and grape tannin interactions with salivary proteins and their impact on astringency: a review of current research. Molecules. 2011;16(3):2348-64.
  • Melchart D, Walther E, Linde K, et al. Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Arch Fam Med 1998;7:541-5.
  • Melzer J, Rosch W, Reichling J, et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87.
  • Menêses AG, Ferreira EB, Bontempo PSM, Guerra ENS, Reis PEDD. Use of Chamomile Infusion to Mitigate Radiotherapy-Induced Dry Desquamation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2022;21:15347354221105491.
  • Mengs U, Clare CB, Poiley JA. Toxicity of Echinacea purpurea. Acute, subacute and genotoxicity studies. Arzneimittelforschung 1991;41:1076-81.
  • Miguel MG, Antunes MD, Faleiro ML. Honey as a Complementary Medicine. Integr Med Insights. 2017 Apr 24;12:1178633717702869. doi: 10.1177/1178633717702869. PMID: 28469409; PMCID: PMC5406168.
  • Mistrangelo M, Cornaglia S, Pizzio M, et al. Immunostimulation to reduce recurrence after surgery for anal condyloma acuminata: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2010;12:799-803.
  • Miyamoto K, Kishi N, Koshiura R. Antitumor effect of agrimoniin, a tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., on transplantable rodent tumors. Jpn J Pharmacol 1987;43(2):187-195.
  • Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(1):326-30.
  • Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(10):5328-31.
  • Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Azlan SA, Gan SH. Two-year variations of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant contents in acacia honey. Molecules. 2013 Nov 27;18(12):14694-710. doi: 10.3390/molecules181214694. PMID: 24287998; PMCID: PMC6270151.
  • Morazzoni, P., Cristoni, A., Di Pierro, F., Avanzini, C., Ravarino, D., Stornello, S., Zucca, M., and Musso, T. In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea). Fitoterapia 2005;76(5):401-411.
  • Mose, J. R. [Effect of Echinacin on phagocytosis and natural killer cells]. Med Welt 12-30-1983;34(51-52):1463-1467.
  • Mostafapour Kandelous H, Salimi M, Khori V, Rastkari N, Amanzadeh A, Salimi M. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by Chamaemelum nobile extract in breast cancer cells. Iran J Pharm Res 2016;15(Suppl):197-204.
  • Muhammad A, Odunola OA, Ibrahim MA, Sallau AB, Erukainure OL, Aimola IA, Malami I. Potential biological activity of acacia honey. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016 Jan 1;8(2):351-7. doi: 10.2741/E771. PMID: 26709666.
  • Muller-Jakic B, Breu W, Probstle A, et al. In vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase by alkamides from Echinacea and Achillea species. Planta Med 1994;60:37-40..
  • Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51.
  • Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
  • Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1.
  • Najafian Y, Khorasani ZM, Najafi MN, Hamedi SS, Mahjour M, Feyzabadi Z. Efficacy of Aloe vera/ Plantago major gel in diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2018 Jan 14. doi: 10.2174/1570163815666180115093007.
  • Nemati S, Yousefbeyk F, Ebrahimi SM, FaghihHabibi A, Shakiba M, Ramezani H. Effects of chamomile extract nasal drop on chronic rhinosinusitis treatment: A randomized double-blind study. Am J Otolaryngol 2021;42(1):102743.
  • O’Neil J, Hughes S, Lourie A, Zweifler J. Effects of echinacea on the frequency of upper respiratory tract symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008;100:384-8.
  • Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Apr 8;26(1):33.
  • Oláh A, Szabó-Papp J, Soeberdt M, et al. Echinacea purpurea-derived alkylamides exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects and alleviate clinical symptoms of atopic eczema. J Dermatol Sci. 2017 Oct;88(1):67-77.
  • Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. An alternative medicine study of herbal effects on the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes and the integrity of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid. Fertil Steril 1999;71:517-22.
  • Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. Inhibition of human sperm motility by specific herbs used in alternative medicine. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999;16:87-91.
  • Park EJ, Oh H, Kang TH, et al. An isocoumarin with hepatoprotective activity in Hep G2 and primary hepatocytes from Agrimonia pilosa. Arch Pharm Res 2004;27(9):944-946.
  • Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomed 1996;3:95-102.
  • Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomedicine 1996;3:95-102.
  • Patrascu V, Chebac PI. [Favorable therapeutic results in cutaneous porphyria obtained with Agrimonia eupatoria]. Revista De Medicina Interna Neurologie Psihiatrie Neurochirurgie Dermato Venerologie Serie Dermato Venerologia 1984;29(2):153-157.
  • Patzelt-Wenczler R, Ponce-Poschl E. Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan cream in atopic eczema. Eur J Med Res 2000;5:171-175.
  • Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy subjects. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30(8):797-805.
  • Pepping J. Echinacea. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:121-3.
  • Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
  • Perry NB, van Klink JW, Burgess EJ, et al. Alkamide levels in Echinacea purpurea: effects of processing, drying and storage. Planta Med 2000;66:54-6.
  • PETROVSKII GA, ZAPADNIUK VI, PASECHNIK IK, et al. [Cholagogue effect of Bupleurum exaltatum, Agrimonia asiatica, Leontopodium ochroleucum, and Veronica virginica.]. Farmakol Toksikol 1957;20(1):75-77.
  • Pirzad A, Alyari H, Shakiba RM, Zehtab-Salmasi S, and Mohammadi SA. Essential Oil Content and Composition of German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L. ) at Different Irrigation Regimes. Journal of Agronomy. 03/2006; 5(3).
  • Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October 2012)
  • Raus K, Pleschka S, Klein P, Schoop R, Fisher P. Effect of an echinacea-based hot drink versus oseltamivir in Influenza treatment: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, noninferiority clinical trial. . Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015;20;77:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2015.04.001.
  • Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  • Saberi Z, Etemadi M, Faghihian E. Evaluation of the efficacy of Echinacea on clinical indices of Erosive Oral Lichen Planus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022;19:98.
  • Saghafi N, Rhkhshandeh H, Pourmoghadam N, et al. Effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) extract on pain control of cyclic mastalgia: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;38(1):81-4.
  • Sahebnasagh M, Aksi V, Eslami F, et al. Prevention of radiotherapy-related oral mucositis with zinc and polyherbal mouthwash: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 2023;28(1):109.
  • Saller R, Beschomer M, Hellenbrecht D, et al. Dose dependency of symptomatic relief of complaints by chamomile steam inhalation in patients with common cold. Eur J Pharmacol 1990;183:728-729.
  • Saluk-Juszczak, J., Pawlaczyk, I., Olas, B., Kolodziejczyk, J., Ponczek, M., Nowak, P., Tsirigotis-Woloszczak, M., Wachowicz, B., and Gancarz, R. The effect of polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from selected medicinal plants of Asteraceae family on the peroxynitrite-induced changes in blood platelet proteins. Int.J Biol.Macromol. 12-1-2010;47(5):700-705.
  • Samuels N, Grbic JT, Saffer AJ, et al. Effect of an herbal mouth rinse in preventing periodontal inflammation in an experimental gingivitis model: a pilot study. Compend.Contin.Educ.Dent. 2012;33:204-11.
  • Samuels N, Saffer A, Wexler ID, et al. Localized reduction of gingival inflammation using site-specific therapy with a topical gingival patch. J.Clin.Dent. 2012;23:64-7.
  • Samuelsen AB. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1-2):1-21.
  • Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022;23(6):424-455.
  • Savino F, Cresi F, Castagno E, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a standardized extract of Matricariae recutita, Foeniculum vulgare and Melissa officinalis (ColiMil) in the treatment of breastfed colicky infants. Phytother Res 2005;19:335-40.
  • Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12.
  • Schoop R, Klein P, Suter A, Johnston SL. Echinacea in the prevention of induced rhinovirus colds: a meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2006;28:174-83.
  • Schroder-Aasen T, Molden G, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus Force and its main constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra. Phytother Res 2012;26(11):1606-13.
  • Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8..
  • Schwarz E, Metzler J, Diedrich JP, et al. Oral administration of freshly expressed juice of Echinacea purpurea herbs fail to stimulate the nonspecific immune response in healthy young men: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. J Immunother 2002;25:413-20..
  • Segal R, Pilote L. Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. CMAJ 2006;174:1281-2.
  • Shah SA, Sander S, White CM, et al. Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:473-80.
  • Sharifi H, Mianie MB, Qasemzadeh MG, Ataei N, Gharehbeglou M, Heydari M. Topical use of matricaria recutita L (chamomile) oil in the treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):12-17.
  • Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248.
  • Sharma H, Yunus GY, Mohapatra AK, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of three medicinal plants Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ficus religiosa, and Plantago major on inhibiting primary plaque colonizers and periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2016;27(2):200-4.
  • Sharma, M., Schoop, R., Suter, A., and Hudson, J. B. The potential use of Echinacea in acne: control of Propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation. Phytother.Res 2011;25(4):517-521.
  • Skrypnik D, Skrypnik K, Pelczynska M, et al. The effect of Plantago major supplementation on leptin and VEGF-A serum levels, endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis in obese women – a randomised trial. Food Funct 2021;12(4):1708-18.
  • Soltani GM, Hemati S, Sarvizadeh M, Kamalinejad M, Tafazoli V, Latifi SA. Efficacy of the plantago major L. syrup on radiation induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;51:102397.
  • Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9.
  • Sperber SJ, Shah LP, Gilbert RD, et al. Echinacea purpurea for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1367-71.
  • Speroni E, Govoni P, Guizzardi S, et al. Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activity of Echinacea pallida Nutt. root extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:265-72.
  • Steinmuller, C., Roesler, J., Grottrup, E., Franke, G., Wagner, H., and Lohmann-Matthes, M. L. Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocytogenes. Int.J Immunopharmacol. 1993;15(5):605-614.
  • Stevenson JL, Krishnan S, Inigo MM, Stamatikos AD, Gonzales JU, Cooper JA. Echinacea-based dietary supplement does not increase maximal aerobic capacity in endurance-trained men and women. J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(3):324-38. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1036189.
  • Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9.
  • Storr M, Sibaev A, Weiser D, et al. Herbal extracts modulate the amplitude and frequency of slow waves in circular smooth muscle of mouse small intestine. Digestion 2004;70:257-64.
  • Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8.
  • Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetologia 1990;33:462-4.
  • Tavakoli Ardakani M, Ghassemi S, Mehdizadeh M, Mojab F, Salamzadeh J, Ghassemi S, Hajifathali A. Evaluating the effect of matricaria recutita and mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016 Dec;29:29-34.
  • Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30..
  • Thompson, K. D. Antiviral activity of Viracea against acyclovir susceptible and acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res 1998;39(1):55-61.
  • Tian F, McLaughlin JL. Bioactive flavonoids from the black locust tree, robinia pseudoacacia. Pharm Biol. 2000;38(3):229-34. doi: 10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT229. PMID: 21214467.
  • Toselli, F., Matthias, A., Bone, K. M., Gillam, E. M., and Lehmann, R. P. Metabolism of the major Echinacea alkylamide N-isobutyldodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenamide by human recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Phytother.Res 2010;24(8):1195-1201.
  • Tragni E, Tubaro A, Melis S, Galli CL. Evidence from two classic irritation tests for an anti-inflammatory action of a natural extract, Echinacina B. Food Chem Toxicol 1985;23:317-9..
  • Tubaro, A., Tragni, E., Del Negro, P., Galli, C. L., and Della, Loggia R. Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea angustifolia. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 1987;39(7):567-569.
  • Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
  • Turner RB, Riker DK, Gangemi JD. Ineffectiveness of echinacea for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:1708-9.
  • van der Heijden MJE, O’Flaherty LA, van Rosmalen J, de Vos S, McCulloch M, van Dijk M. Aromatherapy massage seems effective in critically ill children: an observational before-after study. Paediatr Neonatal Pain 2022;4(2):61-68.
  • van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:143.
  • Vasilenko T, Kovác I, Slezák M, et al. Agrimonia eupatoria L. aqueous extract improves skin wound healing: An in vitro study in fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in vivo study in rats. In Vivo 2022;36(3):1236-1244.
  • Venskutonis PR, Skemaite M, Ragazinskiene O. Radical scavenging capacity of Agrimonia eupatoria and Agrimonia procera. Fitoterapia 2007;78:166-8.
  • Veraldi S, Santambroggio A, Schianchi R, Carminati G, Benzecry V. Oral echinacea for prevention of relapses of molluscum contagiosum. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Oct 5. doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.20.06644-4.
  • Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995;61:213-6.
  • Vonau B, Chard S, Mandalia S, et al. Does the extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea influence the clinical course of recurrent genital herpes? Int J STD AIDS 2001;12:154-8.
  • Wacker, A. and Hilbig, W. [Virus-inhibition by echinacea purpurea (author’s transl)]. Planta Med 1978;33(1):89-102.
  • Wahl RA, Aldous MB, Worden KA, et al. Echinacea purpurea and osteopathic manipulative treatment in children with recurrent otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2008;8:56.
  • Wang Y, Tang H, Nicholson JK, et al. A metabonomic strategy for the detection of the metabolic effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) ingestion. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:191-6.
  • Weizman Z, Alkrinawi S, Goldfarb D, et al. Efficacy of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;122(4):650-652.
  • Whitehead MT, Martin TD, Scheett TP, et al. Running economy and maximal oxygen consumption after 4 weeks of oral Echinacea supplementation. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:1928-33.
  • Williams AS, Dove J, Krock JE, et al. Efficacy of Inhaled Essential Oil Use on Selected Symptoms Affecting Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer Receiving Infusion Therapies. Oncol Nurs Forum 2022;49(4):349-358.
  • Woelkart, K., Koidl, C., Grisold, A., Gangemi, J. D., Turner, R. B., Marth, E., and Bauer, R. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of alkamides from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45(6):683-689.
  • Woelkart, K., Marth, E., Suter, A., Schoop, R., Raggam, R. B., Koidl, C., Kleinhappl, B., and Bauer, R. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Echinacea purpurea preparations and their interaction with the immune system. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;44(9):401-408.
  • Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
  • Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41.
  • Zedan H, Hofny ER, and Ismail SA. Propolis as an alternative treatment for cutaneous warts. Int.J Dermatol 2009;48:1246-49.
  • Zeggwagh NA, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Vascular effects of aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile: in vitro pharmacological studies in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013;35(3):200-6.
  • Zeggwagh NA, Moufid A, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009;31(5):440-50.
  • Zick SM, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT. Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:78.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION

This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on our website. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

2 reviews for Wild Thyme honey

  1. Thomas Baker

    I was looking for something to help me breath as my cough was getting me down. The gentleman pointed me in the direction of this honey and it has helped. I found it eased my cough after just two days, better than the cough mix I bought two weeks ago.

  2. Oliver Reynolds

    I was looking for a natural cough mixture and saw this one. I did some research and the ingredients were great for my chest. This is a lovely honey and has worked for me. My cough has gone and I can breath more easily.

Add a review

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Shopping Basket
Select your currency
EUR Euro
Scroll to Top