Acacia with Honeycomb

Clinical References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

• Abd Ghafar N, Ker-Woon C, Hui CK, Mohd Yusof YA, Wan Ngah WZ. Acacia honey accelerates in vitro corneal ulcer wound healing model. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 29;16:259. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1248-0. PMID: 27473120; PMCID: PMC4966736.
• Aliyu M, Odunola OA, Farooq AD, Rasheed H, Mesaik AM, Choudhary MI, Channa IS, Khan SA, Erukainure OL. Molecular mechanism of antiproliferation potential of Acacia honey on NCI-H460 cell line. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(2):296-304. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756920. PMID: 23441617.
• Bahmer, F. A. and Schafer, J. [Treatment of atopic dermatitis with borage seed oil (Glandol)–a time series analytic study]. Kinderarztl.Prax. 1992;60(7):199-202.
• Bamford JTM, Ray S, Musekiwa A, et al. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013,4: CD004416.
• Bandoniene D, Murkovic M. The detection of radical scavenging compounds in crude extract of borage (Borago officinalis L.) by using an on-line HPLC-DPPH method. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2002;53:45-9.
• Bard, J. M., Luc, G., Jude, B., Bordet, J. C., Lacroix, B., Bonte, J. P., Parra, H. J., and Duriez, P. A therapeutic dosage (3 g/day) of borage oil supplementation has no effect on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. 1997;11(2):143-144.
• Barre DE. Potential of evening primrose, borage, black currant, and fungal oils in human health. Ann Nutr Metab 2001;45:47-57.
• Barre, D. E. and Holub, B. J. The effect of borage oil consumption on the composition of individual phospholipids in human platelets. Lipids 1992;27(5):315-320.
• Belch J, Hill A. Evening primrose oil and borage oil in rheumatologic conditions. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:352S-6S.
• Borrek, S., Hildebrandt, A., and Forster, J. [Gamma-linolenic-acid-rich borage seed oil capsules in children with atopic dermatitis. A placebo-controlled double-blind study]. Klin.Padiatr. 1997;209(3):100-104.
• Bucekova M, Jardekova L, Juricova V, Bugarova V, Di Marco G, Gismondi A, Leonardi D, Farkasovska J, Godocikova J, Laho M, Klaudiny J, Majtan V, Canini A, Majtan J. Antibacterial Activity of Different Blossom Honeys: New Findings. Molecules. 2019 Apr 21;24(8):1573. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081573. PMID: 31010070; PMCID: PMC6514785.
• Chojkier M. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Hepatol 2003;39:437-46.
• Christophe, A., Robberecht, E., Franckx, H., De Baets, F., and van de, Pas M. Effect of administration of gamma-linolenic acid on the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters in patients with cystic fibrosis. Ann.Nutr Metab 1994;38(1):40-47.
• Czipa N, Phillips CJC, Kovács B. Composition of acacia honeys following processing, storage and adulteration. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Mar;56(3):1245-1255. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03587-y. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30956304; PMCID: PMC6423237.
• da Costa Hime LFC, Carvalho Lopes CM, Roa CL, et al. Is there a beneficial effect of gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on body fat in postmenopausal hypertensive women? A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2021;28(6):699-705.
• DeLuca P, Rothman D, Zurier RB. Marine and botanical lipids as immunomodulatory and therapeutic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1995;21:759-77.
• Demmelmair, H., Feldl, F., Horvath, I., Niederland, T., Ruszinko, V., Raederstorff, D., De Min, C., Muggli, R., and Koletzko, B. Influence of formulas with borage oil or borage oil plus fish oil on the arachidonic acid status in premature infants. Lipids 2001;36(6):555-566.
• DiSilvestro RA, Olivo Marston S, Zimmerman A, Joseph E, Boeh McCarty C. Borage oil intake by overweight young adults: no effect on metabolic rate; beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol readings. Food Funct 2021;12(19):8882-8886.
• Dodson CD, Stermitz FR. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from borage (Borago officinalis) seeds and flowers. J Nat Prod 1986;49:727-8.
• Dooper, M. M., van Riel, B., Graus, Y. M., and M’Rabet, L. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by human leucocytes independently of cyclooxygenase activity. Immunology 2003;110(3):348-357.
• Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: https://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/.
• Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Burgess VA, Grocott MP, Calder PC. Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1(1):CD012041.
• Eady EA, Layton AM, Cove JH. A honey trap for the treatment of acne: manipulating the follicular microenvironment to control Propionibacterium acnes. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:679680. doi: 10.1155/2013/679680. Epub 2013 May 14. PMID: 23762853; PMCID: PMC3666392.
• Engler MM, Engler MB, Erickson SK, Paul SM. Dietary gamma-linolenic acid lowers blood pressure and alters aortic reactivity and cholesterol metabolism in hypertension. J Hypertens 1992;10:1197-204.
• Evans CEL. Sugars and health: a review of current evidence and future policy. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017 Aug;76(3):400-407. doi: 10.1017/S0029665116002846. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 27916004.
• Evans JA, Johnson EJ. The role of phytonutrients in skin health. Nutrients. 2010 Aug;2(8):903-28. doi: 10.3390/nu2080903. Epub 2010 Aug 24. PMID: 22254062; PMCID: PMC3257702.
• Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition. J Nutr 1998;128:1411-4.
• Fewtrell MS, Abbott RA, Kennedy K, et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with fish oil and borage oil in preterm infants. J Pediatr 2004;144:471-9.
• Fisher BAC, Harbige LS. Effect of omega-6 lipid-rich borage oil feeding on immune function in healthy volunteers (abstract). Biochem Soc Trans 1997;25:343S.
• Food and Drug Administration. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. July 6, 2001. Available at: https://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr06.html.
• Furse RK, Rossetti RG, Seiler CM, Zurier RB. Oral administration of gammalinolenic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, modulates interleukin-1beta production by human monocytes. J Clin Immunol 2002;22:83-91.
• Gadek JE, DeMichele SJ, Karlstad MD, et al. Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Enteral Nutrition in ARDS Study Group. Crit Care Med 1999;27:1409-20.
• Ghasemian M, Owlia S, Owlia MB. Review of Aanti-iInflammatory hHerbal mMedicines. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2016;2016:9130979.
• Goralczyk R. Beta-carotene and lung cancer in smokers: review of hypotheses and status of research. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(6):767-74. doi: 10.1080/01635580903285155. PMID: 20155614.
• Grant KA, McLauchlin J, Amar C. Infant botulism: advice on avoiding feeding honey to babies and other possible risk factors. Community Pract. 2013 Jul;86(7):44-6. PMID: 23914481.
• Grodstein F, Kang JH, Glynn RJ, Cook NR, Gaziano JM. A randomized trial of beta carotene supplementation and cognitive function in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12;167(20):2184-90. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.20.2184. PMID: 17998490.
• Guivernau M, Meza N, Barja P, Roman O. Clinical and experimental study on the long-term effect of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation, and prostacyclin production. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:311-6.
• Gül A, Pehlivan T. Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 Sep;25(6):1056-1065. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.011. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 30174502; PMCID: PMC6117250.
• Harbige, L. S. and Fisher, B. A. Dietary fatty acid modulation of mucosally-induced tolerogenic immune responses. Proc Nutr Soc 2001;60(4):449-456.
• Henz BM, Jablonska S, van de Kerkhof PC, et al. Double-blind, multicentre analysis of the efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:685-8.
• Henz BM. Efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema – reply from author. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:201.
• Holman CP and Bell AF. A trial of evening primrose oil in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. J Orhtomolecular Psych 1983;12:302-304.
• Iftikhar F, Arshad M, Rasheed F, Amraiz D, Anwar P, Gulfraz M. Effects of acacia honey on wound healing in various rat models. Phytother Res. 2010 Apr;24(4):583-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2990. PMID: 19813239.
• Istasse T, Jacquet N, Berchem T, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK, Richel A. Extraction of Honey Polyphenols: Method Development and Evidence of Cis Isomerization. Anal Chem Insights. 2016 Aug 10;11:49-57. doi: 10.4137/ACI.S39739. PMID: 27547032; PMCID: PMC4981221.
• Jansen WT, Bolm M, Balling R, Chhatwal GS, Schnabel R. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):5202-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.9.5202-5207.2002. PMID: 12183571; PMCID: PMC128270.
• Jung JY, Kwon HH, Hong JS, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(5):521-5.
• Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Braglia, A., Chow, J., Kwon, O., Kuwae, N., Colman, S., Cockram, D. B., and Kopple, J. D. An anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional supplement for hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients: a pilot/feasibility study. J Ren Nutr 2005;15(3):318-331.
• Kapoor, R. and Klimaszewski, A. Efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 2000;143(1):200-201.
• Kast RE. Boarge oil reduction of rheumatoid arthritis activity may be mediated by increased cAMP that suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Int Immunopharmacol 2001;1:2197-9.
• Kozłowska A, Szostak-Wegierek D. Flavonoids–food sources and health benefits. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2014;65(2):79-85. PMID: 25272572.
• Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Dec 29;2013:162750. doi: 10.1155/2013/162750. PMID: 24470791; PMCID: PMC3891543.
• Langlois PL, D’Aragon F, Hardy G, Manzanares W. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2019;61:84-92.
• Larson KM, Roby MR, Stermitz FR. Unsaturated pyrrolizidines from borage (Borago officinalis), a common garden herb. J Nat Prod 1984;47:747-8.
• Leventhal LJ, Boyce EG, Zurier RB. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gammalinolenic acid. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:867-73.
• Li C, Bo L, Liu W, Lu X, Jin F. Enteral immunomodulatory diet (omega-3 fatty acid, ?-linolenic acid and antioxidant supplementation) for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2015;7(7):5572-85.
• Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118-26. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902. PMID: 22228951; PMCID: PMC3249911.
• Mahmood NF, Shipman AR. The age-old problem of acne. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016 Dec 2;3(2):71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.11.002. PMID: 28560299; PMCID: PMC5440448.
• Mandal MD, Mandal S. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011 Apr;1(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60016-6. PMID: 23569748; PMCID: PMC3609166.
• Martens-Lobenhoffer, J. and Meyer, F. P. Pharmacokinetic data of gamma-linolenic acid in healthy volunteers after the administration of evening primrose oil (Epogam). Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;36(7):363-366.
• Menendez JA, Colomer R, Lupu R. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) is a selective estrogen-response modulator in human breast cancer cells: gamma-Linolenic acid antagonizes estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity, transcriptionally represses estrogen receptor expression and synergistically enhances tamoxifen and ICI 182,780 (Faslodex) efficacy in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2004;10;109:949-54.
• Menendez JA, del Mar Barbacid M, Montero S, et al. Effects of gamma-linolenic acid and oleic acid on paclitaxel cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:402-13.
• Miguel MG, Antunes MD, Faleiro ML. Honey as a Complementary Medicine. Integr Med Insights. 2017 Apr 24;12:1178633717702869. doi: 10.1177/1178633717702869. PMID: 28469409; PMCID: PMC5406168.
• Mills, D. E., Prkachin, K. M., Harvey, K. A., and Ward, R. P. Dietary fatty acid supplementation alters stress reactivity and performance in man. J Hum.Hypertens. 1989;3(2):111-116.
• Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Azlan SA, Gan SH. Two-year variations of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant contents in acacia honey. Molecules. 2013 Nov 27;18(12):14694-710. doi: 10.3390/molecules181214694. PMID: 24287998; PMCID: PMC6270151.
• Morse PF, Horrobin DF, Manku MS, et al. Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Epogam in the treatment of atopic eczema. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acid changes and clinical response. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:75-90.
• Muhammad A, Odunola OA, Ibrahim MA, Sallau AB, Erukainure OL, Aimola IA, Malami I. Potential biological activity of acacia honey. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016 Jan 1;8(2):351-7. doi: 10.2741/E771. PMID: 26709666.
• Palombo, J. D., DeMichele, S. J., Boyce, P. J., Lydon, E. E., Liu, J. W., Huang, Y. S., Forse, R. A., Mizgerd, J. P., and Bistrian, B. R. Effect of short-term enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic and gamma-linolenic acids on alveolar macrophage eicosanoid synthesis and bactericidal function in rats. Crit Care Med 1999;27(9):1908-1915.
• Pittler, M. H., Verster, J. C., and Ernst, E. Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 12-24-2005;331(7531):1515-1518.
• Pullman-Mooar S, Laposata M, Lem D. Alteration of the cellular fatty acid profile and the production of eicosanoids in human monocytes by gamma-linolenic acid. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1526-33.
• Puri BK. The safety of evening primrose oil in epilepsy. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 2007;77:101-3.
• Roeder E. Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie 1995;50:83-98.
• Rose DP, Connolly JM, Liu XH. Effects of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid on the growth and metastasis of a human breast cancer cell line in nude mice and on its growth and invasive capacity in vitro. Nutr Cancer 1995;24:33-45.
• Rosenstein, E. D., Kushner, L. J., Kramer, N., and Kazandjian, G. Pilot study of dietary fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of adult periodontitis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2003;68(3):213-218.
• Rossetti, R. G., Seiler, C. M., DeLuca, P., Laposata, M., and Zurier, R. B. Oral administration of unsaturated fatty acids: effects on human peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation. J Leukoc.Biol 1997;62(4):438-443.
• Rothman D, DeLuca P, Zurier RB. Botanical lipids: effects on inflammation, immune responses, and rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995;25:87-96.
• Stedman C. Herbal hepatotoxicity. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22:195-206.
• Takwale A, Tan E, Agarwal S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of borage oil in adults and children with atopic eczema: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group trial. BMJ 2003;327:1385.
• Theilla M, Singer P, Cohen J, Dekeyser F. A diet enriched in eicosapentanoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants in the prevention of new pressure ulcer formation in critically ill patients with acute lung injury: A randomized, prospective, controlled study. Clin Nutr. 2007;26(6):752-7.
• Thijs C, van Houwelingen A, Poorterman I, et al. Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:234-8.
• Tian F, McLaughlin JL. Bioactive flavonoids from the black locust tree, robinia pseudoacacia. Pharm Biol. 2000;38(3):229-34. doi: 10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT229. PMID: 21214467.
• Tollesson A, Frithz A, Stenlund K. Malassezia furfur in infantile seborrheic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:423-5.
• Tollesson A, Frithz A. Borage oil, an effective new treatment for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:95.
• Tollesson, A. and Frithz, A. Transepidermal water loss and water content in the stratum corneum in infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. Acta Derm.Venereol 1993;73(1):18-20.
• Vaddadi KS. The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med 1981;6(4):375-379.
• van Gool CJ, Zeegers MP, Thijs C. Oral essential fatty acid supplementation in atopic dermatitis-a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:728-40.
• van Gool, C. J., Thijs, C., Henquet, C. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., Dagnelie, P. C., Schrander, J., Menheere, P. P., and van den brandt, P. A. Gamma-linolenic acid supplementation for prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis–a randomized controlled trial in infants at high familial risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77(4):943-951.
• Wang YP, Yan J, Fu PP, Chou MW. Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid. Toxicol Lett 2005;155:411-20.
• Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Jr., Olsen, M. K., Dudley, T., and Guyton, J. R. Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses. Int J Cardiol. 6-16-2006;110(2):212-216.
• WHO working group. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Environmental Health Criteria, 80. WHO: Geneva, 1988.
• Wretensjo I. Characterisation of borage oil by GC-MS. Licentiate Thesis, Stockholm University, 2004. Available at: https://www.anchem.su.se/downloads/diss_pdf/i_wretensjo_lic2004.pdf.
• Ziboh, V. A. and Fletcher, M. P. Dose-response effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid-enriched oils on human polymorphonuclear-neutrophil biosynthesis of leukotriene B4. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(1):39-45.
• Ziboh, V. A., Naguwa, S., Vang, K., Wineinger, J., Morrissey, B. M., Watnik, M., and Gershwin, M. E. Suppression of leukotriene B4 generation by ex-vivo neutrophils isolated from asthma patients on dietary supplementation with gammalinolenic acid-containing borage oil: possible implication in asthma. Clin.Dev.Immunol. 2004;11(1):13-21.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION

This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on our website. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.